|
John Carroll, (January 8, 1735 – December 3, 1815) was a prelate of the Roman Catholic Church who served as the first bishop and Archbishop in the United States. He served as the ordinary of the Archdiocese of Baltimore, Maryland. Carroll is also known as the founder of Georgetown University, (the oldest Roman Catholic university in the United States), and of St. John the Evangelist Parish of Rock Creek, (now Forest Glen), the first secular (diocesan) parish in the country. This means its clergy did not come from monastic orders. ==Early life and education== John Carroll was born to Daniel Carroll I, a native of Ireland, and Eleanor (Darnall) Carroll, of English Catholic descent, at the large plantation which Eleanor Darnall had inherited from her family. He spent his early years at the family home, sited on thousands of acres near Upper Marlboro, the county seat of Prince George's County in Maryland. (Several remnant surrounding acres are now associated with the house museum known as "Darnall's Chance", listed on the National Register of Historic Places and part of the system of the Maryland-National Capital Park and Planning Commission for northern suburban Washington, D.C.). Older Carroll relatives were instrumental in the development of the colonial Province of Maryland and the establishment of Baltimore (1729), soon to be the third-largest city in America, and developed as a port on the Chesapeake Bay. His older brother Daniel Carroll II, (1730-1796), became one of only five men to sign both the "Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union" (1778) and the Constitution of the United States (1787).〔(O'Donovan, Louis. "John Carroll." ''The Catholic Encyclopedia.'' Vol. 3. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1908. 7 Jul. 2013 )〕 His cousin, Charles Carroll of Carrollton, (1737-1832), was also an important member of the Revolutionary Patriot cause, and was the last surviving signer of the Declaration of Independence (1776). He lived long enough to participate in the industrial revolution, with the ceremonies of the 1828 setting of the "first stone" for the beginning of the construction of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. John Carroll was educated at the College of St. Omer in French Flanders (northern France, bordering southern edge of modern Belgium). (This was established for the education of English Catholics after they suffered discrimination following the Protestant Reformation instituted by King Henry VIII in England. During the upheavals following the French Revolution, (1789-1793), the College migrated to Bruges, and then Liège. It returned to England and was located at Stonyhurst in 1794, where it remains today.) Also attending St. Omer with him was his cousin Charles Carroll of Carrollton, (1737-1832), who was to become the only Catholic signatory of the Declaration of Independence (1776), and the first United States Senator (1789) from Maryland.〔(Hagerty, James. "Charles Carroll of Carrollton." ''The Catholic Encyclopedia.'' Vol. 3. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1908. 7 Jul. 2013 )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「John Carroll (bishop)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|